Mix the ½ cup of tapioca, salt and pepper in a small plastic food storage bag and add the lamb shanks. Close the bag and shake to coat the meat well.
In a deep, heavy-based casserole, heat the olive oil on high heat and sear the lamb shanks in two batches. Make sure the meat is browned well on all sides; this will take about 5 minutes. Remove lamb shanks onto a plate, cover and leave on the side.
In the same casserole, add 2 tablespoons of olive oil. Add the chopped onion, carrots, celery and garlic and satay for couple more minutes until the onion is translucent.
Add the tomato paste and stir well until it coats the rest of the ingredients.
Add the lamb shanks back into the casserole together with the wine. Continue cooking with the lid off for 2 more minutes for the alcohol to evaporate.
Lastly, add the Passata, optional raw sugar, herbs and enough water or stock to cover the meaty end of the lamb shanks. Bring to the boil.
Cover with the lid and cook on the stovetop on low heat for around 11/2-2 hours. Check and turn the lamb shanks once. When cooking on the stovetop, the liquid evaporates quickly, and the food can easily burn; keep checking it after the hour, making sure the bottom of the pot isn't catching.
If the sauce hasn't thickened enough at the end of the cooking time, you can uncover and increase the temperature to high for a couple more minutes but keep an eye on it. The sauce will reduce and thicken a little more.
Alternatively, you can thicken the sauce with tapioca starch or corn flour. Mix ½ cup of water with the reserved 2 tablespoons of tapioca starch, and while still boiling, add a tablespoon at a time of the tapioca mix to the pot while stirring. It will start thickening. Wait a few seconds before you add more. You don't want it to be too thick. Depending on how much liquid you have left, you might not use all the tapioca mix.
Discard the fresh rosemary and thyme springs if using and serve over pasta or mashed potatoes (check my suggestions above on other ways to serve the lamb shanks).